NR 565 Week 1 Quiz

Protein binding.

Induce the metabolism of drugs, such as oral contraceptives, leading to therapeutic failure.

Glutamate is an excitatory NT

Understand the basics of GPCR (1 example of how drugs can work inside the body). GPCRs are stimulated on the outside of the cell and secondary messengers carry out the effect intracellularly

If an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein is administered, then blood levels of substrates will rise, as seen if quinidine is administered with digoxin.

Coding-region mutations in VCORC1, encoding a subunit of the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex (the pharmacological target for the drug), were found to cause a rare syndrome of warfarin resistance. Subsequently, the variants in VCORC1 have been found to account for a much greater fraction of variability in warfarin response (21%) than do variations in CYP2C9 (6%)

For Asians, the percentage of CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers shoots up to 21%, perhaps leading to the therapeutic failure of or the need for increased therapeutic dosages of drugs such as SSRIs in these target populations.

These standards call for the provision of professional language assistance services for translation rather than ad hoc interpreters such as family and friends.

The U.S. Office of Minority Health attributes the poor health outcomes for African Americans to, among other things, “discrimination, cultural barriers, and lack of access to health care”

The mean activity of CYP 2D6 extensive metabolizers is lower in Asians and is the molecular genetic basis for slower metabolism of antidepressants and neuroleptics in Asians. This difference in metabolism requires lower doses of these drugs.

The pharmacokinetic factors that can be expected to potentially exhibit racial differences are (1) bio availability for drugs that undergo gut or hepatic first-pass metabolism, (2) protein binding, (3) volume of distribution, (4) hepatic metabolism, and (5) renal tubular secretion. Absorption, filtration at the glomerulus, and passive tubular re absorption would not be expected to exhibit such differences.

National CLAS Standards were originally published in the Federal Registry in 2000 by the U.S. Office of Minority Health in response to a 1994 federal law mandating CLAS Standards for all organizations receiving federal funds, such as Medicaid and Medicare.

Cyp3A4 is one of the most abundant CYP enzymes and its responsible for the metabolism of many medications

If an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein is administered, then blood levels of substrates will rise, as seen if quinidine is administered with digoxin.